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Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) - Denmark (2001)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) z Denmark (2001)

 Arctic Ocean (2001)Denmark (2001)
 Arctic OceanDenmark
Administrative divisions - metropolitan Denmark - 14 counties (amter, singular - amt) and 2 kommunes*; Arhus, Bornholm, Fredericksberg*, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kobenhavn, Kobenhavns*, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde, Sonderjylland, Storstrom, Vejle, Vestsjalland, Viborg

note:
see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are part of the Kingdom of Denmark and are self-governing administrative divisions
Age structure - 0-14 years:
18.59% (male 510,826; female 484,385)

15-64 years:
66.56% (male 1,804,617; female 1,758,019)

65 years and over:
14.85% (male 331,906; female 463,062) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - grain, potatoes, rape, sugar beets; pork and beef, dairy products; fish
Airports - 119 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
28

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
7

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
91

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
83 (2000 est.)
Area total:
14.056 million sq km

note:
includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
total:
43,094 sq km

land:
42,394 sq km

water:
700 sq km

note:
includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaeland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts
Background The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the political and economic integration of Europe. So far, however, the country has opted out of some aspects of the European Union's Maastricht Treaty, including the economic and monetary system (EMU) and issues concerning certain internal affairs.
Birth rate - 11.96 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$52.9 billion

expenditures:
$51.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2001 est.)
Capital - Copenhagen
Climate polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers
Coastline 45,389 km 7,314 km
Constitution - 1849 was the original constitution; there was a major overhaul 5 June 1953, allowing for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state
Country name - conventional long form:
Kingdom of Denmark

conventional short form:
Denmark

local long form:
Kongeriget Danmark

local short form:
Danmark
Currency - Danish krone (DKK)
Death rate - 10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $21.7 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador Stuart BERNSTEIN

embassy:
Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen

mailing address:
PSC 73, APO AE 09716

telephone:
[45] 35 55 31 44

FAX:
[45] 35 38 96 16
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador Ulrik Andreas FEDERSPIEL

chancery:
3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-4300

FAX:
[1] (202) 328-1470

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area); dispute with Iceland over the Faroe Islands fisheries median line boundary within 200 NM; disputes with Iceland, the UK, and Ireland over the Faroe Islands continental shelf boundary outside 200 NM
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $1.63 billion (1999)
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. This thoroughly modern market economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has a comfortable balance of payments surplus. The center-left coalition government has reduced the formerly high unemployment rate and attained a budget surplus as well as followed the previous government's policies of maintaining low inflation and a stable currency. The coalition has lowered marginal income tax rates and raised environmental taxes thus maintaining overall tax revenues. Problems of bottlenecks, and longer term demographic changes reducing the labor force, are being addressed through labor market reforms. The government has been successful in meeting, and even exceeding, the economic convergence criteria for participating in the third phase (a common European currency) of the European Monetary Union (EMU), but Denmark, in a September 2000 referendum, reconfirmed its decision not to join the 11 other EU members in the euro. Even so, the Danish currency remains pegged to the euro.
Electricity - consumption - 32.916 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 7.28 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 4.963 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 37.885 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
88.4%

hydro:
0.07%

nuclear:
0%

other:
11.53% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Fram Basin -4,665 m

highest point:
sea level 0 m
lowest point:
Lammefjord -7 m

highest point:
Yding Skovhoej 173 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups - Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali
Exchange rates - Danish kroner per US dollar - 7.951 (January 2001), 8.083 (2000), 6.976 (1999), 6.701 (1998), 6.604 (1997), 5.799 (1996); note - the Danes rejected the Euro in a 28 September 2000 referendum
Executive branch - chief of state:
Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born 26 May 1968)

head of government:
Prime Minister Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN (since 25 January 1993)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by Parliament

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
Exports - $50.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities - machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, chemicals, furniture, ships, windmills
Exports - partners - EU 66.5% (Germany 20.1%, Sweden 11.7%, UK 9.6%, France 5.3%, Netherlands 4.7%), Norway 5.8%, US 5.4% (1999)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description - red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden
GDP - purchasing power parity - $136.2 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
3%

industry:
25%

services:
72% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $25,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 2.8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 90 00 N, 0 00 E 56 00 N, 10 00 E
Geography - note major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen
Highways - total:
71,474 km

paved:
71,474 km (including 880 km of expressways)

unpaved:
0 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
2%

highest 10%:
24% (2000 est.)
Imports - $43.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities - machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods
Imports - partners - EU 72.1% (Germany 21.6%, Sweden 12.4%, UK 8.0%, Netherlands 8.0%, France 5.8%), Norway 4.2%, US 4.5% (1999)
Independence - first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy
Industrial production growth rate - 3% (2000 est.)
Industries - food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products, shipbuilding, windmills
Infant mortality rate - 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 2.9% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 13 (2000)
Irrigated land - 4,350 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)
Labor force - 2.856 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - services 79%, industry 17%, agriculture 4% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries - total:
68 km

border countries:
Germany 68 km
Land use - arable land:
60%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
10%

other:
25% (1993 est.)
Languages - Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)

note:
English is the predominant second language
Legal system - civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch - unicameral Parliament or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 11 March 1998 (next to be held by March 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - progovernment parties: Social Democratic Party 65, Socialist People's Party 13, Social Liberal Party 7, Red-Green Unity List 5; opposition: Liberal Party 43, Conservative Party 17, Danish People's Party 13, Center Democratic Party 8, Christian People's Party 4, Progress Party 4; seats by party as of 1 January 2001: government coalition parties - Social Democrats 63, Social Liberals 7; pro-government parties - Socialist People's Party 13, Unity List 5; opposition - Liberals 42, Conservatives 16, Danish People's Party 13, Center Democrats 8, Christian People's Party 4, Progress Party 4 (now named Freedom 2000); does not include the 4 overseas seats
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
76.72 years

male:
74.12 years

female:
79.47 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
100%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaeland and Fyn)
Map references Arctic Region Europe
Maritime claims - contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
342 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,073,489 GRT/8,027,002 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 10, cargo 128, chemical tanker 27, container 76, liquefied gas 26, livestock carrier 6, petroleum tanker 22, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 23, short-sea passenger 7, specialized tanker 3

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Finland 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches - Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Home Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $2.47 billion (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.4% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
1,292,619 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
1,106,094 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
29,212 (2001 est.)
National holiday - none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June is generally viewed as the National Day
Nationality - noun:
Dane(s)

adjective:
Danish
Natural hazards ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes
Natural resources sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, stone, gravel and sand
Net migration rate - 1.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 110 km; petroleum products 578 km; natural gas 700 km
Political parties and leaders - Center Democratic Party [Mimi JAKOBSEN]; Christian People's Party [Jann SJURSEN]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as Conservative People's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Progress Party (now named Freedom 2000) [Kim BEHNKE]; Social Democratic Party [Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN]; Social Liberal Party (sometimes called the Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; Johannes LEBECH, chairman]; Socialist People's Party [Holger K. NIELSEN]; Red-Green Unity List (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark, Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population - 5,352,815 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 0.3% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) Abenra, Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Kolding, Odense, Roenne (Bornholm), Vejle
Radio broadcast stations - AM 2, FM 355, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 6.02 million (1997)
Railways - total:
2,859 km (508 km privately owned and operated)

standard gauge:
2,859 km 1.435-m gauge (600 km electrified; 760 km double track) (1998)
Religions - Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, Muslims 2%
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.72 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
excellent telephone and telegraph services

domestic:
buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, 4 cellular mobile communications systems

international:
18 submarine fiber-optic cables linking Denmark with Norway, Sweden, Russia, Poland, Germany, Netherlands, UK, Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Canada; satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (1997)
Telephones - main lines in use - 4.785 million (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 1,444,016 (1997)
Television broadcast stations - 26 (plus 51 repeaters) (1998)
Terrain central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) low and flat to gently rolling plains
Total fertility rate - 1.73 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 5.3% (2000)
Waterways - 417 km
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